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What to Expect from Cold and Flu Season in Canada: A 2024 Outlook
As temperatures begin to dip and Canadians retreat indoors, the onset of cold and flu season is looming. From November to April, the flu season typically spans across Canada, and while the flu virus may seem common, it can lead to severe complications, making the annual flu shot essential for protection.
Several provinces are gearing up to roll out their 2024 influenza vaccines, prioritizing vulnerable populations before making it available to the general public.
Expected Flu Strains for 2024
According to Dr. Gerald Evans, an infectious disease expert at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, the dominant strain expected this season is influenza H3N2, which is known for causing more severe illnesses, particularly among the elderly, young children, and immunocompromised individuals. While H3N2 will be the most prevalent strain, experts also anticipate some circulation of H1N1 and influenza B.
Dr. Evans noted that insights from countries in the Southern Hemisphere, like Australia, which experienced a typical flu season, suggest that Canada may see a peak in flu cases in late December and January. However, the timing can vary, as travel patterns can introduce the virus earlier or later in the season.
The Role of Other Respiratory Illnesses
In addition to influenza, the fall and winter months bring a rise in other respiratory infections, including the common cold (rhinovirus), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and COVID-19. According to Dr. Kevin Chan, a pediatric emergency doctor, RSV cases typically spike in late October and November, with a potential for rapid increases in hospitalizations.
How COVID-19 Fits Into the Picture
While the flu caused notable illnesses in countries like Australia, COVID-19 continued to be a dominant factor in severe cases and hospitalizations. Although the summer wave of COVID-19 has tapered off, Canadians should expect a potential rise in cases as colder weather forces people indoors.
The good news is that updated COVID-19 vaccines are expected to be available by the end of September, which could mitigate the impact of the virus during the winter months.
Importance of Vaccination
The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) strongly recommends vaccinations as the most effective method to protect against respiratory illnesses like the flu, RSV, and COVID-19. The annual flu vaccine is available for anyone over six months of age and helps reduce the risk of severe flu-related complications.
Receiving your flu shot not only protects you but also reduces the spread of the virus to others, lessening the strain on the healthcare system during the peak of the respiratory virus season.
Dr. Evans highlighted the significance of flu shots, particularly for high-risk groups such as young children, older adults, and individuals with underlying health conditions. “The flu shot can mean the difference between surviving an episode of flu or facing severe consequences in the hospital,” he said.
RSV and COVID-19 Vaccines
Vaccines for RSV and COVID-19 will also be available, though eligibility may vary based on age and location. In fall 2024, updated COVID-19 vaccines targeting the KP.2 strain will be rolled out for previously vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals at higher risk of infection. Moderna’s SpikeVAX will be available for people six months and older, while Pfizer’s Comirnaty vaccine will be available for those aged 12 and up.
For RSV, vaccines are available for older adults, pregnant women, and high-risk children. Ontario, Quebec, and Nunavut will also offer nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody approved in 2023, for babies experiencing their first RSV season.
Prevention Beyond Vaccination
Besides vaccines, health experts stress the importance of basic hygiene measures like regular hand washing to protect against infections. “It’s a simple, effective way to reduce your risk,” said Dr. Evans, who emphasized that alcohol-based hand sanitizers are also effective in curbing the spread of respiratory viruses.
As Canada prepares for another cold and flu season, staying informed, vaccinated, and vigilant will be key to managing the spread of these respiratory illnesses.
Key Takeaways:
- Flu season in Canada is expected to peak between late December and January.
- H3N2 is predicted to be the dominant flu strain this year.
- COVID-19 and RSV will also contribute to hospitalizations.
- Vaccination remains the best defense against severe respiratory illnesses.
Source: Reddit
